determing what to backup
1. start a screen session (this will allow you to logoff and the backup will still be running on the system)
apt-get install screen; # if not instlled allready screen -S backup; # start a new bash session called backup # you can logoff by hitting Ctrl+A then D # it will say: [detached from 2020.backup]
2. check what partitions / harddisks (sda = usually the whole system disk) to backup
lsblk; # check what partitions are there df -h; # check what partition is using how much space
for files-only backup – rsync
# this would backup all files while keeping the ACL (access control list) rsync -aAXv --update --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} /* /where/to/put/the/backup/ # this would backup all files of your system to a qnap NAS (does not support ACL) rsync -aXv --update --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} /* /where/to/put/the/backup/
for bootable system backups (including boot sector mbr, etc) – dd
if the harddisk is very big (with empty space) you can gzip compress it to save storage space on your backup medium.
problem: all backups are “full-take” – it can not do incremental backup.
3. start the backup: filename: backupSystem.sh
backupThisPartition=/dev/sda; # what to backup backupTo=/mnt/DATA/BACKUP/GIADA/JESSIE/$(date +%Y-%m-%d)_SystemBackup_of_GIADA.gz; # where to put the backup dd if=$backupThisPartition bs=1024 conv=noerror,sync | pv | gzip -c -9 > $backupTo; # do the backup
4. you should see a progress bar
5. hit Ctrg/Strg+A+D to detach from screen-session and let backup run in background.
6. restore should work like this (untested)
backupTo=/mnt/DATA/BACKUP/GIADA/JESSIE/$(date +%Y-%m-%d)_SystemBackup_of_GIADA.gz; # where to put the backup gunzip -c $backupTo | pv | dd of=/dev/sda bs=1024
what backup systems are there
fwbackup is said to be a pretty good tool:
http://www.diffingo.com/oss/fwbackups
apt-cache search backup|grep system backintime-common - simple backup/snapshot system backupninja - lightweight, extensible meta-backup system backuppc - high-performance, enterprise-grade system for backing up PCs bootcd - run your system from cd without need for disks boxbackup-client - client for the BoxBackup remote backup system boxbackup-server - server for the BoxBackup remote backup system bup - highly efficient file backup system based on git bup-doc - highly efficient file backup system based on git (documentation) chiark-backup - backup system for small systems and networks chiark-scripts - chiark system administration scripts cinder-backup - OpenStack block storage system - Backup server debian-handbook - reference book for Debian users and system administrators dirvish - Filesystem based backup system using rsync dump - 4.4bsd dump and restore for ext2 filesystems duply - easy to use frontend to the duplicity backup system fatcat - FAT filesystem explore, extract, repair, and forensic tool fstransform - Tool for in-place filesystem conversion fsvs - Full system versioning with metadata support hdup - Filesystem duplicator and backup incron - cron-like daemon which handles filesystem events libguestfs0 - guest disk image management system - shared library metastore - Store and restore metadata from a filesystem nagios-plugins-contrib - Plugins for nagios compatible monitoring systems netscript-ipfilter - Linux 2.6/3.x iptables management system. nilfs-tools - Continuous Snapshotting Log-structured Filesystem nilfs-tools-dbg - Continuous Snapshotting Log-structured Filesystem (debug) nocache - bypass/minimize file system caching for a program libafsauthent1 - AFS distributed file system runtime library (authentication) libafsrpc1 - AFS distributed file system runtime library (RPC layer) libkopenafs1 - AFS distributed file system runtime library (PAGs) libopenafs-dev - AFS distributed filesystem development libraries libpam-openafs-kaserver - AFS distributed filesystem kaserver PAM module ... qwbfsmanager - graphical file manager for the WBFS filesystem rdiff-backup-fs - Fuse filesystem for accessing rdiff-backup archives rsnapshot - local and remote filesystem snapshot utility rsyslog - reliable system and kernel logging daemon s3ql - Full-featured file system for online data storage s3ql-dbg - Full-featured file system for online data storage (debugging symbols) slbackup - Skolelinux Backup system xfsdump - Administrative utilities for the XFS filesystem fssync - File system synchronization tool (1-way, over SSH)
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