Init Ram Disk filesystem – kind of mini OS in order to mount raid and start “the real /root os”. hostnamectl; # tested on Static hostname: debian9 Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: 532eabca552b4075a8679094397c8dba Boot ID: 15ee0b8e8a1e4d1eb1003c4630644091 Virtualization: microsoft […]
intro: it seems very relevant to have the late as possible kernel up and running: https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/09/a-cache-invalidation-bug-in-linux.html first: backup your system! on boot time under “Advanced” you can chose to boot the old kernel – never the less – backup your […]
latest kernel related security problems can be found here… -> https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/linux newsletter subsribe: https://tracker.debian.org/accounts/login/ also https://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/kernel/linux.git http://www.securityfocus.com/ http://www.securityfocus.com/cgi-bin/index.cgi?c=11&op=display_threads&ListID=1&limit=30&offset=0&date=2017-06-20&mode=threaded https://cve.mitre.org/index.html https://twitter.com/CVEnew/ https://wiki.debian.org/DebianKernel
on the one hand – software biodiversity is good – if one system get’s hacked or virus infiltrated – the other’s – if “different enough” probably stay unaffected. on the other hand – if config files or procedures or command […]
debian has “codenames” for it’s releases… i always get confused which codename is what release number. with those commands you can easily identify both. hostnamectl seems to be the cross-distribution solution for that. user@suse12:~> hostnamectl Static hostname: suse12.domain Transient hostname: […]
in terms of security: stick to the UNIX principles of keeping things as “simple and beautiful” as possible. the less software/services a server runs the more secure it will be. (unless the one single software it runs is a massive […]
naming why is a shell called a shell? after all it’s just a program 😀 call it program then 😀 kernel = core, shell = surrounding the core, interaction with the core. a shell is also a runtime-environment – a […]
by clicking on this link: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git (wow! this truly shows the power of Open Source / Free Software… complete transparency in development process) problem: lawyers without social skills WILL destroy the planet and mankind and linux “Linux’s creator is stepping […]
TOS-based systems (Atari ST) used a row of bombs to indicate a critical system error. Number of bombs displayed revealed information about the error. The error (also called an exception) is reported by the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. The very first […]
# all these commands will modify /etc/passwd su – root # disable login for user usermod -s /usr/sbin/nologin username # change login-shell of username to bash usermod -s /bin/bash username # change login-shell of username to sh usermod -s /bin/sh […]
Debian 12 as systemd is installed per default but not the time-sync service #wtf? su – root apt install systemd-timesyncd timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Berlin systemctl status systemd-timesyncd timedatectl; # check if sync is on Local time: Fri 2023-12-08 16:21:41 CET Universal […]
yeah one knows sometimes making fun of distributions that have a partition for every /root/folder but well yes it has it’s reasons, like when a program accumulates to much data (mailbox full), the /root partition and the system will not […]
there are plenty 😀 debian8.8 [cc lang=”bash” escaped=”true” width=”600″] uname -a; # tested with Linux debian 3.16.0-4-686-pae #1 SMP Debian 3.16.43-2 (2017-04-30) i686 GNU/Linux find / -type d -iname bin /bin /usr/local/bin /usr/bin /usr/share/doc/libintl-perl/examples/simplecal/bin /usr/lib/klibc/bin [/cc] suse12 [cc lang=”bash” escaped=”true” […]
“XFS is a high performance journaling filesystem which originated on the SGI IRIX platform.” SGI (Silicon Graphics) is out of business since 2009. “The addition of 3D graphic capabilities to PCs, and the ability of clusters of Linux– and BSD-based […]
Debian8.7 [cc lang=”bash” escaped=”true” width=”600″] parted GNU Parted 3.2 Using /dev/sda Welcome to GNU Parted! Type ‘help’ to view a list of commands. (parted) p Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 136GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos […]
in general: when changing groups for users the user needs to re-login to activate the changes Public and Private groups CentOS / Red Hat / Debian8 / UBuntu / Raspbian, use a private group scheme where for every new user […]
after killing this “Hung” process… htop still reported 100% cpu usage… but not by what process? top says it is systemd-coredum… p ps uax|grep coredump root 4834 51.9 9.4 119256 95648 ? R 16:39 11:24 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-coredump 4716 1000 100 […]
DEBIAN/UBUNTU [cc lang=”bash” escaped=”true” width=”600″] uname -a; Linux debian 3.16.0-4-686-pae #1 SMP Debian 3.16.39-1+deb8u2 (2017-03-07) i686 GNU/Linux dpkg -l; # list all installed packages dpkg -l|grep bind; # list all installed packages search for bind ii bind9-host 1:9.9.5.dfsg-9+deb8u10 i386 Version […]
what real value can add linux to mankind? efficiency – less power consumed – less waste – because it runs well on old hardware as well transparency – should actually dissalow tyrannie and dictatorship – because you SHOULD acutally be […]
one cloudy day decided to checkout the log of my server and vestacp provides server -> SHOW: CPU / MEM / NET… a nice overview, output of some server statistics… under “net” you see all network connections of your server… […]
Version used: SLE-12-SP2-Server-DVD-x86_64-GM-DVD1.iso [cc lang=”bash” escaped=”true” width=”600″] uname -a; # version used Linux linux-mbha 4.4.21-69-default #1 SMP Tue Oct 25 10:58:20 UTC 2016 (9464f67) x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux # check if firewall accepts incoming TCP connections on port 22 iptables […]
While biodiversity is GOOD and efficiency is NOT all we need. Nature looks for a balance of efficiency (30%) and resilience (70%). Standardization is enshuring that your work is compatible with future versions – therefore important for programmers, administrators and […]
it is interesting to see what kernel+filesystem the distributions rely on. Kernels: While CentOS is still on 3.10, Debian is believing in 3.16, and SUSE is “latest” with it’s 4.4 Version kernel. http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/04/linux-kernel-4-0-new-features https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Linux-Kernel-macht-Versionssprung-auf-4-0-2557302.html you can upgrade with Debian to […]
In contrast to SUSE ENTERPRISE 11, the Version 12 (SLE-12-SP2-Server-DVD-x86_64-GM-DVD1.iso) seems to have no problems as Guest on Hyper-V 6 on Win8. Download Link of Iso: https://www.suse.com/de-de/download-linux/ (You will have to register first) https://www.suse.com/releasenotes/x86_64/SUSE-SLES/12-SP2/ About SUSE Enterprise Server: Product Description […]
cmatrix now also for centos redhat and suse12! 😀 the probably most important linux program in cyberspace…. and neither centos nor suse have it in their repositories. shame! 😀 matrix just changed color 😀 if you wanna feel like a […]
add user in general there is just one binary /usr/sbin/useradd on all three distros. # cross distribution Debian8, RedHat(CentOS7), Suse12 useradd -m username; # add user and create hom directory # btw if a SYSTEMUSER is required (uid x < […]
what service/program is using what port: list all services # all serivces systemctl list-unit-files –type=service # enabled (autostart?) services systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled # all currently running services systemctl | grep running # list all open ports and listening […]
less is more (security) in compliance with the UNIX K.I.S.S philosophy run as little software as absolutely necessary stop/uninstall/disable all services not absolutely needed less software = less lines of mistaken code = less security flaws = higher probability those […]
add user to group # official, cross distribution (tested with suse12, centos7, debian8) usermod -a -G GROUPNAME USERNAME # redhat/centos: usermod -a -G wheel user; # add user „user“ to group „wheel“ in order to allow user to use sudo […]
Debian 12 as systemd is installed per default but not the time-sync service #wtf? su – root apt install systemd-timesyncd timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Berlin systemctl status systemd-timesyncd timedatectl; # check if sync is on Local time: Fri 2023-12-08 16:21:41 CET Universal […]