GNU Linux – basic harddisks benchmarks with dd and fio (ssds KINGSTON SKC600512G vs Samsung SSD 850 PRO vs Samsung SSD 860 EVO vs Samsung SSD 870 EVO 1TB) – ntfs vs ext4 – how fast are virtual harddisks?

13.Nov.2020

Administration / Server, benchmark, Debian, filesystem / filesystems, General / Allgemein, GNU-Linux, Hardware / Reviews, hosting, raid, storage / NAS / QNAP, Virtualization / KVM / VirtualBox / xenserver, windows

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/benchmarking

update 2022:

next to the good old (non-destructive if used correctly) “dd” is still the way to go for benchmarking harddisks under GNU Linux.

if there is a desktop: “gnome-disk-utility“
fio as always: UNIX: KISS! KEEP IT SIMPLE!) https://openbenchmarking.org/test/pts/fio-1.12.0

hostnamectl; # tested on
Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm) 
Kernel: Linux 6.1.0-21-amd64
Architecture: x86-64
Hardware Vendor: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd.
Hardware Model: B550 AORUS ELITE AX V2
Firmware Version: F16d

# what is in the repo?
apt search disk|less
# then hit /searchforthis and search for /bench

blkreplay/stable,stable 1.0-3.1 amd64
block device testing and benchmarking toolkit

blkreplay-examples/stable,stable 1.0-3.1 all
block device testing and benchmarking toolkit (examples

apt show blkreplay
Package: blkreplay
Version: 1.0-3.1
Priority: optional
Section: utils
Maintainer: Andrew Shadura <andrewsh ÄÄÄÄTTTT debian DDDDOOTTTTT org>
Installed-Size: 2,783 kB
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.29)
Recommends: blkreplay-examples
Homepage: http://blkreplay.org
-> https://github.com/schoebel/blkreplay/wiki
-> https://raw.githubusercontent.com/schoebel/blkreplay/master/doc/blkreplay.pdf
Tag: admin::benchmarking, role::program
Download-Size: 2,623 kB
APT-Sources: https://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/debian bookworm/main amd64 Packages
Description: block device testing and benchmarking toolkit
blkreplay is a utility driving the block layer of the operating
system while measuring latency and throughput of I/O operations
for later visualisation.
.
blkreplay can create artificial loads (random read-write sweeps,
various kinds of overload tests) or replay natural loads which
have been recorded by blktrace or a similar utility run at
production servers.
.
blkreplay can be used to test physical hardware, to compare
different brands of hard disks or RAID controllers, to
evaluate the effect of SSD caching, to compare different
block level transports like iSCSI vs Fibrechannel and so on.


dbench/stable,stable 4.0-2.1 amd64
The dbench (disk) and tbench (TCP) benchmarks

su - root
apt update
apt install gnome-disk-utility lshw fio
# check where is mounted what
df -h

but how to read this?

“It tests random accesses, because especially for HDDs those are significantly slower than sequential accesses.”
- “That’s why it goes back and forth randomly”
- “And the value on the y-axis is simply the time in ms it took to complete each access”
“x axis isn’t supposed to be about test progress. It’s the position on the drive” (src)

it’s pitty that it never (-) shows “Average Write Rate”

more results:

gnome-disk-utility: recommendation: add a 0 to every parameter

lshw -class storage
*-nvme 
description: NVMe device
product: SAMSUNG MZVL4512HBLU-00BL7



*-usb:0
description: Mass storage device
product: Best USB Device
vendor: ULT-Best
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@2:1
logical name: scsi0
version: 20.01
serial: XXX
capabilities: usb-3.20 scsi
configuration: driver=uas maxpower=896mA speed=5000Mbit/s

lshw -class storage
*-sata 
description: SATA controller
product: 500 Series Chipset SATA Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 0.1

*-nvme
description: NVMe device
product: KINGSTON SKC3000D2048G
vendor: Kingston Technology Company, Inc.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0
logical name: /dev/nvme0
version: EIFK31.6
serial: xxx
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: nvme pciexpress msix msi pm nvm_express bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=nvme latency=0 nqn=nqn.2020-04.com.kingston:nvme:nvm-subsystem-sn-50026B768629F9B7 state=live
resources: irq:31 memory:fcd00000-fcd03fff

mkdir ~/temp
cd ~/temp
wget https://dwaves.de/scripts/bench/bench_harddisk.sh
chmod +x *.sh
time /scripts/bench/bench_harddisk.sh
=== harddisk sequential write and read bench v1 ===
starting test on the device that holds the current directory the user is in
no need to run it as root

========== writing 3GB of zeroes ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 2.70033 s, 795 MB/s

real 0m2.705s
user 0m0.000s
sys 0m2.518s
========== reading 6GB of zeroes ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 1.53975 s, 1.4 GB/s

real 0m1.544s
user 0m0.000s
sys 0m0.758s
========== tidy up remove testfile ==========

real 0m4.430s
user 0m0.000s
sys 0m3.449s

mkdir ~/temp
time fio --filename=~/temp --size=2GB --direct=1 --rw=randrw --bs=4k --ioengine=libaio --iodepth=256 --runtime=120 --numjobs=4 --time_based --group_reporting --name=iops-test-job --eta-newline=1; rm -rf test.fio; # tidy up

# it runs for ~5min, the results are a bit hard to read X-D
iops-test-job: (groupid=0, jobs=4): err= 0: pid=10948: Thu May 23 16:05:17 2024
read: IOPS=146k, BW=569MiB/s (596MB/s)(66.7GiB/120001msec)
slat (usec): min=6, max=1294, avg= 9.78, stdev= 1.78
clat (usec): min=138, max=9013, avg=3507.45, stdev=147.63
lat (usec): min=147, max=9022, avg=3517.23, stdev=147.79
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 3195], 5.00th=[ 3294], 10.00th=[ 3359], 20.00th=[ 3392],
| 30.00th=[ 3458], 40.00th=[ 3490], 50.00th=[ 3523], 60.00th=[ 3556],
| 70.00th=[ 3589], 80.00th=[ 3589], 90.00th=[ 3654], 95.00th=[ 3687],
| 99.00th=[ 3752], 99.50th=[ 3851], 99.90th=[ 5014], 99.95th=[ 5538],
| 99.99th=[ 6652]
bw ( KiB/s): min=563840, max=606992, per=100.00%, avg=582852.82, stdev=1770.96, samples=956
iops : min=140960, max=151748, avg=145713.21, stdev=442.74, samples=956
write: IOPS=146k, BW=569MiB/s (596MB/s)(66.6GiB/120001msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=3, max=709, avg= 6.56, stdev= 1.65
clat (usec): min=129, max=12495, avg=3501.13, stdev=143.61
lat (usec): min=137, max=12502, avg=3507.69, stdev=143.71
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 3195], 5.00th=[ 3294], 10.00th=[ 3326], 20.00th=[ 3392],
| 30.00th=[ 3458], 40.00th=[ 3490], 50.00th=[ 3523], 60.00th=[ 3556],
| 70.00th=[ 3556], 80.00th=[ 3589], 90.00th=[ 3621], 95.00th=[ 3654],
| 99.00th=[ 3752], 99.50th=[ 3851], 99.90th=[ 4555], 99.95th=[ 5080],
| 99.99th=[ 6390]
bw ( KiB/s): min=563040, max=608272, per=100.00%, avg=582658.44, stdev=1873.18, samples=956
iops : min=140760, max=152068, avg=145664.61, stdev=468.29, samples=956
lat (usec) : 250=0.01%, 500=0.01%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01%
lat (msec) : 2=0.01%, 4=99.72%, 10=0.26%, 20=0.01%
cpu : usr=12.03%, sys=87.91%, ctx=9722, majf=0, minf=47
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.1%
issued rwts: total=17474757,17468447,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=256

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=569MiB/s (596MB/s), 569MiB/s-569MiB/s (596MB/s-596MB/s), io=66.7GiB (71.6GB), run=120001-120001msec
WRITE: bw=569MiB/s (596MB/s), 569MiB/s-569MiB/s (596MB/s-596MB/s), io=66.6GiB (71.6GB), run=120001-120001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
dm-1: ios=17472773/17468087, merge=0/0, ticks=1643028/1330168, in_queue=2973196, util=99.99%, aggrios=17474757/17470024, aggrmerge=0/0, aggrticks=1615484/1304164, aggrin_queue=2919648, aggrutil=99.90%
dm-0: ios=17474757/17470024, merge=0/0, ticks=1615484/1304164, in_queue=2919648, util=99.90%, aggrios=17474757/17466830, aggrmerge=0/3198, aggrticks=1345169/678186, aggrin_queue=2023373, aggrutil=99.90%
nvme1n1: ios=17474757/17466830, merge=0/3198, ticks=1345169/678186, in_queue=2023373, util=99.90%

real 2m3.025s

# this is an externally via USB attached 2TB Kingston NVMe
*-usb
description: Mass storage device
product: RTL9210B-CG
vendor: Realtek
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@4:1
logical name: scsi6
version: 20.01
serial: xxx
capabilities: usb-3.20 scsi
configuration: driver=uas maxpower=896mA speed=5000Mbit/s

time /scripts/bench/bench_harddisk.sh
=== harddisk sequential write and read bench v1 ===
starting test on the device that holds the current directory the user is in
no need to run it as root

========== writing 3GB of zeroes ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 7.80723 s, 275 MB/s

real 0m8.183s
user 0m0.000s
sys 0m2.552s
========== reading 6GB of zeroes ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 5.14791 s, 417 MB/s

real 0m5.153s
user 0m0.000s
sys 0m1.096s
========== tidy up remove testfile ==========

real 0m13.509s <- so the same NVMe is +304.94% slower via USB instead of directly to mobo (PCI) connected
user 0m0.003s
sys 0m3.818s

while this benchmark is still valid, very simple, very cross platform, with a focus on the team cpu (why is there no multi core md5? (putting many many core arm servers at disadvantage) + harddisk (two very important components)

maybe stress-ng is the way to go? https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/stress-test-linux-unix-server-with-stress-ng/

harddisk performance of real and virtual machines, is of course, important for overall performance of the system.

of course – a system is only as fast – as the slowest part “on the team”.

so a super fast SSD bundled with a super slow single core celeron, will still increase performance ~ +20%.

the most basic harddisk benchmarks:

using fio / dd / python based “small files”

https://dwaves.de/2014/12/10/gnu-linux-sequential-read-write-harddisk-benchmark-small-files-python-harddisk-benchmark/

benchmarking ntfs vs ext4: performance

ntfs is (currently 2021-09 under Debian 10) 3x times slower than ext4!

because cross OS benchmarks are (mostly) lacking, it is very hard to compare ext4 (on native windows) with ext4 (on native GNU Linux) (slowness of NTFS under GNU Linux could also be a “driver” issue, it just proofs that using NTFS under GNU Linux is possible, but slow).

testing on giada f302:

===== system used =====
Debian 10.9

uname -a
Linux IdealLinux2021 4.19.0-16-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.181-1 (2021-03-19) x86_64 GNU/Linux

=== show info on cpu ===
cat /proc/cpuinfo |head
processor	: 0
vendor_id	: GenuineIntel
cpu family	: 6
model		: 78
model name	: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6200U CPU @ 2.30GHz
stepping	: 3
microcode	: 0xd6
cpu MHz		: 754.355
cache size	: 3072 KB
physical id	: 0

=== show info on harddisk ===
	Model Number:       KINGSTON SKC600512G                     
	Firmware Revision:  S4200102
	Transport:          Serial, ATA8-AST, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0

===== mounted EXT4 =====
========== writing 3GB of zeroes ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 5.8087 s, 370 MB/s

real	0m5.815s
user	0m0.000s
sys	0m2.517s
========== reading 6GB of zeroes ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 4.26741 s, 503 MB/s

real	0m4.276s
user	0m0.000s
sys	0m1.624s
========== tidy up remove testfile ==========

time /scripts/bench/bench_harddisk.sh; # re run at a 2022-03
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 5.43294 s, 395 MB/s
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 5.35569 s, 401 MB/s
real	0m10.955s

===== small files python based harddisk + cpu benchmark =====
time /scripts/bench/bench_harddisk_small_files.py 

create test folder:
0.0119922161102

create files:
9.25402116776

rewrite files:
2.01614999771

read linear:
1.82262396812

read random:
3.44922590256

delete all files:
4.54426288605

real	0m27.000s <- 3.2x FASTER than with NTFS 3g!
user	0m3.287s
sys	0m14.839s


===== mounted NTFS =====
/sbin/mount.ntfs --version
ntfs-3g 2017.3.23AR.3 integrated FUSE 28

========== writing 3GB of zeroes ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 14.6907 s, 146 MB/s

real	0m14.698s
user	0m0.000s
sys	0m2.901s
========== reading 6GB of zeroes ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 0.818364 s, 2.6 GB/s <- ok? (RAM caching)

real	0m0.823s
user	0m0.000s
sys	0m0.629s
========== tidy up remove testfile ==========

time /scripts/bench/bench_harddisk_small_files.py 

create test folder:
0.380342006683

create files:
44.9138729572

rewrite files:
7.5974009037

read linear:
6.24533390999

read random:
8.19712495804

delete all files:
rm: cannot remove 'test': Directory not empty <- also does not happen under ext4
14.9125750065

real	1m27.667s <- 3.2x (+70%) SLOWER than with ext4! also a lot of cpu usage!
user	0m5.385s
sys	0m19.761s

samsung ssd pro 850 on giada f302:

===== giada f302 bench samsung ssd 850 pro =====
time /scripts/bench/bench_harddisk.sh; # https://dwaves.de/scripts/bench/bench_harddisk.sh
=== starting harddisk sequential write and read bench v1 ===
no need to run it as root
because dd is a very dangerous utility
modify paths /media/user/to/mountpoint/ manually
then run the script
=== show info on harddisk ===
	Model Number:       Samsung SSD 850 PRO 256GB               
	Firmware Revision:  EXM04B6Q
	Transport:          Serial, ATA8-AST, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0
========== writing 3GB of zeroes ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 5.53786 s, 388 MB/s

real	0m5.543s
user	0m0.000s
sys	0m2.417s
========== reading 6GB of zeroes ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 4.31814 s, 497 MB/s

real	0m4.327s
user	0m0.000s
sys	0m1.621s
========== tidy up remove testfile ==========

real	0m10.008s
user	0m0.005s
sys	0m4.172s


===== python bench with small files =====
time /scripts/bench/bench_harddisk_small_files.py 
 
create test folder:
0.0197870731354

create files:
9.34433507919

rewrite files:
2.0522480011

read linear:
1.93751502037

read random:
3.44131994247

delete all files:
4.48000884056

real	0m27.600s <- wow! only 2% SLOWER than the more recent Kingston :)
user	0m3.124s
sys	0m14.886s

testing on giada f300:

hostnamectl 
   Static hostname: giada
         Icon name: computer-desktop
           Chassis: desktop
  Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
            Kernel: Linux 4.19.0-11-amd64
      Architecture: x86-64

su - root
lshw -class tape -class disk -class storage

========== what harddisk / controllers are used ==========
  *-sata
       description: SATA controller
       product: 8 Series SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode]
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 1f.2
       bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2
       logical name: scsi0
       version: 04
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 66MHz
       capabilities: sata msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list emulated
       configuration: driver=ahci latency=0
       resources: irq:45 ioport:f0b0(size=8) ioport:f0a0(size=4) ioport:f090(size=8) ioport:f080(size=4) ioport:f060(size=32) memory:f7e1a000-f7e1a7ff

benchmark script used:

can be run as non-root user:

#!/bin/bash
echo "=== starting harddisk sequential write and read bench v1 ==="
echo "no need to be run as root"
echo "========== writing 3GB of zeroes =========="
time dd if=/dev/zero of=./mountpoint/testfile bs=3G count=1 oflag=direct

echo "========== reading 6GB of zeroes =========="
time dd if=./mountpoint/testfile bs=3GB count=1 of=/dev/null

echo "========== tidy up remove testfile =========="
rm -rf ./mountpoint/testfile;

results:

harddisk1: toshiba 2.5 usb 3.0 connected, filesystem: ext4

about the harddisk:

hdparm -I /dev/sdb|grep Model -A3
ATA device, with non-removable media
	Model Number:       TOSHIBA MQ01ABD050                      
	Firmware Revision:  AX001U  
	Transport:          Serial, ATA8-AST, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6

benchmark result:

========== writing 3GB of zeroes to /media/user/mountpoint/testfile ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 25.6249 s, 83.8 MB/s

real	0m27.466s
user	0m0.008s
sys	0m3.089s
========== reading 6GB of zeroes from /media/user/mountpoint/testfile ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 22.8702 s, 93.9 MB/s

real	0m22.880s
user	0m0.000s
sys	0m1.923s

harddisk2: Samsung SSD 860 EVO 500GB, filesystem: ext4

about the harddisk:

hdparm -I /dev/sda|grep Model -A3

ATA device, with non-removable media
	Model Number:       Samsung SSD 860 EVO 500GB                  
	Firmware Revision:  RVT03B6Q
	Transport:          Serial, ATA8-AST, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0

benchmark result:

=== starting harddisk sequential write and read bench v1 ===
no need to run it as root
because dd is a very dangerous utility
modify paths /media/user/to/mountpoint/ manually
then run the script

========== writing 3GB of zeroes ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 5.46448 s, 393 MB/s

real	0m5.474s
user	0m0.001s
sys	0m2.407s
========== reading 6GB of zeroes ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 4.87677 s, 440 MB/s

real	0m4.886s
user	0m0.000s
sys	0m1.260s
========== tidy up remove testfile ==========

# testing conditions might not be exactly fair
# as this ssd was also booted from
# only really fair testing conditions are booting from separate drive or usb
time /scripts/bench/bench_harddisk_small_files.py 

create test folder:
0.00678896903992

create files:
10.6135139465

rewrite files:
2.76307606697

read linear:
3.14085292816

read random:
4.85474491119

delete all files:
5.91292095184

real	0m32.690s <- 17.40% slower than the KINGSTON SKC600512G
user	0m3.614s
sys	0m18.186s

harddisk3: Samsung SSD 870 EVO 1TB, filesystem: ext4

upgrade! from KINGSTON SKC600512G (512GBytes) to Samsung SSD 870 1TB (it’s a bit of lvm2 hazzle)
definately “feels” faster & more performant than the kingston 🙂
(but that could also be, because the KINGSTON SKC600512G was almost full X-D)

about the harddisk:

hdparm -I /dev/sda

ATA device, with non-removable media
	Model Number:       Samsung SSD 870 EVO 1TB
	Serial Number:      XXXXXXXXXX
	Firmware Revision:  SVT02B6Q
	Transport:          Serial, ATA8-AST, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0
Standards:

benchmark result:

time /scripts/bench/bench_harddisk.sh; # first run
=== harddisk sequential write and read bench v1 ===
starting test on the device that holds the current directory the user is in
no need to run it as root

========== writing 3GB of zeroes ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 5.47841 s, 392 MB/s

real	0m5.489s
user	0m0.005s
sys	0m2.576s
========== reading 6GB of zeroes ==========
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 5.47224 s, 392 MB/s

real	0m5.481s
user	0m0.000s
sys	0m1.547s
========== tidy up remove testfile ==========

real	0m11.118s <- -1.46% slower than the kingston reference on the first run
user	0m0.009s
sys	0m4.266s

time /scripts/bench/bench_harddisk.sh; # second run
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 5.29553 s, 406 MB/s 
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 4.98106 s, 431 MB/s
real	0m10.446s<- +4.64% faster on the second run

time /scripts/bench/bench_harddisk.sh; # third run
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 5.25046 s, 409 MB/s
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 5.18407 s, 414 MB/s <-
real	0m10.602s <- still +3.22% faster on third run

time /scripts/bench/bench_harddisk_small_files.py

create test folder:
0.00240206718445

create files:
11.0404560566

rewrite files:
2.73733401299

read linear:
3.20042109489

read random:
4.86669397354

delete all files:
6.0825278759

real	0m32.600s -> +8.91% faster than the KINGSTON
user	0m3.486s
sys	0m19.373s

how fast are virtual harddisks?

boot up time for the virtual Win 10 64 guest was 40 sec (from power on to desktop), not pretty but okay. (too long imho)

so one knows, that the theoretical speed of a virtual harddisk, should not be greater than that of the real harddisk.

but: there is a lot of RAM caching going on, so the virtual harddisk speeds even exceed the real harddisk speeds.

CrystalDisk Harddisk Benchmark – Win 10 64 Bit as VirtualBox guest on Debian 10 64Bit host (samsung ssd) – i-o host caching active (!)

during read, almost all read access was RAM cached (not much activity on the harddisk LED)

during write, significant harddisk activity was seen.

also notable: Win 10 VirtualBox guest produces (imho too much) CPU usage, when idle

Win 10 VirtualBox guest produces (imho too much) CPU usage, when idle

the cause of this is unkown (is it MINING BITCOINS in the background that then get transferred to Micro$oft? :-p)

this could cause an issue when having many Win 10 vms running in parallel, because it could result in an overall slowdown of the host system

about gnome disk utility:

apt show gnome-disk-utility
Package: gnome-disk-utility
Version: 3.30.2-3
Priority: optional
Section: admin
Maintainer: Debian GNOME Maintainers <pkg-gnome-maintainers ÄÄÄÄÄ TTTT lists.alioth.debian DOOOOT org>
Installed-Size: 6,660 kB
Depends: udisks2 (>= 2.7.6), dconf-gsettings-backend | gsettings-backend, libatk1.0-0 (>= 1.12.4), libc6 (>= 2.10), libcairo2 (>= 1.2.4), libcanberra-gtk3-0 (>= 0.25), libdvdread4 (>= 4.1.3), libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 (>= 2.22.0), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.43.2), libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.21.5), liblzma5 (>= 5.1.1alpha+20120614), libnotify4 (>= 0.7.0), libpango-1.0-0 (>= 1.18.0), libpangocairo-1.0-0 (>= 1.14.0), libpwquality1 (>= 1.1.0), libsecret-1-0 (>= 0.7), libsystemd0 (>= 209), libudisks2-0 (>= 2.7.6)
Breaks: gnome-settings-daemon (<< 3.24)
Homepage: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Disks
Tag: admin::filesystem, hardware::storage, hardware::storage:cd,
hardware::storage:dvd, implemented-in::c, interface::graphical,
interface::x11, role::program, uitoolkit::gtk
Download-Size: 967 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: https://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/debian buster/main amd64 Packages
Description: manage and configure disk drives and media
GNOME Disks is a tool to manage disk drives and media:
.
* Format and partition drives.
* Mount and unmount partitions.
* Query S.M.A.R.T. attributes.
.
It utilizes udisks2

apt show udisks2
Package: udisks2
Version: 2.8.1-4
Priority: optional
Section: admin
Maintainer: Utopia Maintenance Team <pkg-utopia-maintainers ÄÄ TTT lists.alioth.debian DOOOTT org>
Installed-Size: 2,418 kB
Depends: dbus, libblockdev-part2, libblockdev-swap2, libblockdev-loop2, libblockdev-fs2, libpam-systemd, parted, udev, libacl1 (>= 2.2.23), libatasmart4 (>= 0.13), libblockdev-utils2 (>= 2.20), libblockdev2 (>= 2.20), libc6 (>= 2.7), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.50), libgudev-1.0-0 (>= 165), libmount1 (>= 2.30), libpolkit-agent-1-0 (>= 0.99), libpolkit-gobject-1-0 (>= 0.101), libsystemd0 (>= 209), libudisks2-0 (>= 2.8.1)
Recommends: exfat-utils, dosfstools, e2fsprogs, eject, libblockdev-crypto2, ntfs-3g, policykit-1
Suggests: btrfs-progs, f2fs-tools, mdadm, libblockdev-mdraid2, nilfs-tools, reiserfsprogs, xfsprogs, udftools, udisks2-bcache, udisks2-btrfs, udisks2-lvm2, udisks2-vdo, udisks2-zram
Homepage: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/udisks
Tag: admin::filesystem, admin::hardware, admin::monitoring,
hardware::detection, hardware::storage, hardware::storage:cd,
hardware::storage:dvd, hardware::usb, implemented-in::c,
interface::daemon, role::program
Download-Size: 369 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: no
APT-Sources: https://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/debian buster/main amd64 Packages
Description: D-Bus service to access and manipulate storage devices
The udisks daemon serves as an interface to system block devices,
implemented via D-Bus. It handles operations such as querying, mounting,
unmounting, formatting, or detaching storage devices such as hard disks
or USB thumb drives.

This package also provides the udisksctl utility, which can be used to
trigger these operations from the command line (if permitted by
PolicyKit).

Creating or modifying file systems such as XFS, RAID, or LUKS encryption
requires that the corresponding mkfs.* and admin tools are installed, such as
dosfstools for VFAT, xfsprogs for XFS, or cryptsetup for LUKS.

udisksctl — The udisks command line tool
udisksd — The udisks system daemon
udisks — Disk Manager
umount.udisks2 — unmount file systems that have been mounted by UDisks2
udisks2.conf — The udisks2 configuration file
udisks2_lsm.conf — The UDisks2 LSM Module configuration file
Configurable mount options

src: http://storaged.org/doc/udisks2-api/latest/

comment:

the USB 3.0 connected Toshiba ext harddisk (2.5) performs pretty well reaching 93.9 MB/s, of course it can not compete with an SATA internal connected SSDs reaching more than 300 MB/s during write and read.

liked this article?

only together we can create a truly free world
plz support dwaves to keep it up & running!
(yes the info on the internet is (mostly) free but beer is still not free (still have to work on that))
really really hate advertisement
contribute: whenever a solution was found, blog about it for others to find!
talk about, recommend & link to this blog and articles
thanks to all who contribute!

admin