privacy is worth swapping wifi cards!
Open Source & Free Software are THE GOLD STANDARD
which means: would ALWAYS prefer the hazzle of replacing a wifi mini card with an wifi mini card, that is supported by open source drivers, over installing closed source software, that the user does not know what it is doing (in the background).
after all: a wifi card is like any other network card: a complete computer (CPU+RAM) inside a computer.
but sometimes, this is not an option.
this is a sample-example apt sources.list, because the perfect sources.list it is science for itself 🙂
(this is not an perfect sources.list but one that was tested and works)
right now not including non-free would mean lenovo laptop users can use LAN but not WIFI.
also: without the (privacy wise sub-optimal, because it does not allow setting primary dns only “additional dns”) networks-manager-gnome package, it is
not convenient to manage wifis under Gnome2 MATE
su - root
apt update
apt install network-manager-gnome
requirements: (https enabled apt)
apt install apt-transport-https
Debian 11 (installed from scratch /etc/apt/sources.list)
hostnamectl; # tested on Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye) Kernel: Linux 5.10.0-9-amd64 Architecture: x86-64 cat /etc/apt/sources.list #deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 11.1.0 _Bullseye_ - Official amd64 NETINST 20211009-10:07]/ bullseye main deb https://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free deb-src https://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib # uncomment this, if the user wants to install virtualbox # deb https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bullseye contrib # This system was installed using small removable media # (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom" # entries were disabled at the end of the installation process. # For information about how to configure apt package sources, # see the sources.list(5) manual.
after upgrade Debian 10 -> 11: /etc/apt/sources.list
hostnamectl; # tested on Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye) Kernel: Linux 5.10.0-9-amd64 Architecture: x86-64 cat /etc/apt/sources.list # deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 10.7.0 _Buster_ - Unofficial amd64 NETINST with firmware 20201205-11:16]/ bullseye contrib main non-free deb https://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/debian/ bullseye main deb-src https://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/debian/ bullseye main deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib # bullseye-updates, previously known as 'volatile' deb https://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free # uncomment this, if the user wants to install virtualbox # deb https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bullseye contrib # deb-src https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bullseye contrib
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