find out where your dvd/cd drive is mounted then:

cat /proc/sys/dev/cdrom/info;

CD-ROM information, Id: cdrom.c 3.20 2003/12/17

drive name:		sr0
drive speed:		24
drive # of slots:	1
Can close tray:		1
Can open tray:		1
Can lock tray:		1
Can change speed:	1
Can select disk:	0
Can read multisession:	1
Can read MCN:		1
Reports media changed:	1
Can play audio:		1
Can write CD-R:		1
Can write CD-RW:	1
Can read DVD:		1
Can write DVD-R:	1
Can write DVD-RAM:	1
Can read MRW:		0
Can write MRW:		0
Can write RAM:		1

umount /dev/sr0; # umount the drive
dd if=/dev/sr0 of=/path/to/store/disc.iso; # copy the dvd/cd to a file

# if there are problems reading the disc
# or the disc is known to have defects
# try to copy as much as possible
# (imho dd will fill non readable blocks with 0000)
dd if=/dev/sr0 of=/path/to/store/disc.iso conv=noerror,sync

# options explained:
## noerror - continue after read errors
## sync - use synchronized I/O for data also for metadata

eject; # eject

# on a separate root terminal, check for read errors
alias loop_dmesg='while true; do echo '\''==========='\'';datum; dmesg --color; sleep 3; clear; done'
loop_dmesg
[ 9412.657668] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sr0, sector 8743376 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 32 prio class 0
[ 9420.805444] sr 1:0:0:0: [sr0] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=7s
[ 9420.805452] sr 1:0:0:0: [sr0] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [deferred] 
[ 9420.805456] sr 1:0:0:0: [sr0] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[ 9420.805460] sr 1:0:0:0: [sr0] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 21 5a 6a 00 00 02 00
[ 9420.805464] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sr0, sector 8743336 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0

# when done

# create mount point
mkdir -p /media/user/cdrom

# mount the image
mount /path/to/store/disc.iso /media/user/cdrom

# in older Debian
mount -t iso9660 -r -o loop /path/to/store/disc.iso /media/user/cdrom

manpages:

dd.man.txt

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