9. September 1986 At the Palladium in Manhattan, New York, Compaq Computer introduces the Compaq Deskpro 386, the first 80386-based personal computer offered by a major computer manufacturer. The Model 40 features a 16 MHz Intel 80386 and 40 MB […]
… one also likes beauty and simplicity… this tutorial has not exactly grown into beauty – rather the beauty has grown into a beast and just as with software beyond a certain point – it needs to be split into […]
https://www.examcollection.com/examformatter.html
Elon Musk: 2018: “Ai is far more dangerous than nukes” and should be regulated. “We have to ensure that the advent of digital super intelligence is symbiotic with mankind” https://t3n.de/news/ki-deep-learning-alternative-1092781/ teaching Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Informatics, University of Zurich […]
While the Boot ID /proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id is newly generated with every reboot – the Machine ID uniquely identifies the host. It should be considered “confidential”, and must not be exposed in untrusted environments, in particular on the network. The /etc/machine-id file […]
checkout what is the latest version of netinst.iso not so free – but your network card might work you can try the free software only version first – and if it says – “firmware missing”… try again with this version… […]
the 4 free software freedom rules: freedom 0: The freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose. (computers start counting with 0, that’s why it is freedom 0) freedom 1: The freedom to study how the program […]
update: 2021-08: hurd ain’t dead http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/hurd/hurd.git/ how to get it running? src: https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/ports/stable/hurd-i386/README.txt downloads: kvm qemu vm image: http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/ports/11.0/hurd-i386/ iso: https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/ports/stable/hurd-i386/ Debian GNU/Hurd 2021 “Bullseye” – Unofficial hurd-i386 20210812 Welcome to the exciting world of Debian GNU/Hurd This directory […]
intro: it seems very relevant to have the late as possible kernel up and running: https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/09/a-cache-invalidation-bug-in-linux.html first: backup your system! on boot time under “Advanced” you can chose to boot the old kernel – never the less – backup your […]
latest kernel related security problems can be found here… -> https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/linux newsletter subsribe: https://tracker.debian.org/accounts/login/ also https://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/kernel/linux.git http://www.securityfocus.com/ http://www.securityfocus.com/cgi-bin/index.cgi?c=11&op=display_threads&ListID=1&limit=30&offset=0&date=2017-06-20&mode=threaded https://cve.mitre.org/index.html https://twitter.com/CVEnew/ https://wiki.debian.org/DebianKernel
In General: while a update/upgrade between major releases in theory is always “possible” – i realized it comes with a lot of problems. A complete reinstall “from scratch” is probably always the cleaner approach. apt-get dist-upgrade; # fails miserably because […]
to be honest… i find all of those meassurement tools too complicated to install. they probably all have their validity – but why not simply do it like this: given that you have a webserver installed and the web-root is […]
https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/our-thinking/state-of-the-internet-report/ https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/news/press/2017-press/akamai-releases-first-quarter-2017-state-of-the-internet-connectivity-report.jsp security Q1 2017: https://www.akamai.com/us/en/multimedia/documents/state-of-the-internet/q1-2017-state-of-the-internet-security-report.pdf connectivity: Q4 2016 https://www.akamai.com/us/en/multimedia/documents/state-of-the-internet/q4-2016-state-of-the-internet-connectivity-report.pdf https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/our-thinking/state-of-the-internet-report/state-of-the-internet-connectivity-visualization.jsp
on the one hand – software biodiversity is good – if one system get’s hacked or virus infiltrated – the other’s – if “different enough” probably stay unaffected. on the other hand – if config files or procedures or command […]
debian has “codenames” for it’s releases… i always get confused which codename is what release number. with those commands you can easily identify both. hostnamectl seems to be the cross-distribution solution for that. user@suse12:~> hostnamectl Static hostname: suse12.domain Transient hostname: […]
they essentially do the same – testing the router packages take to a certain destination – meassure time to travel. apt-get install iputils-tracepath; # to install tracepath on debian8, Tools to trace the network path to a remote host strangeness […]
per default debian is not configured to forward traffic. on server/router/gateway: ping yahoo.de; # make sure internet connection works ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up; # add additional ip vim /etc/sysctl.conf # Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding […]
what service/program is using what port: https://dwaves.de/2015/06/16/linux-list-all-open-ports-and-listening-services/ IPTraf, Iftop, vnstat, bwm-ng, ifconfig -a graphical: gives you overall statistics the blue stuff on the left: iptraf manpage: iptraf-ng.man.txt you probably want to let it run in a screen session, in order […]
show the ARP cache every network interface card (NIC)/LAN network card has a unique-as-possible vendor-asigned MAC address in the format 00:15:5d:00:07:08 this address is changeable like this: ip link set dev eth0 down; ip link set dev eth0 address 00:15:5d:00:07:09; […]
simple but usefull – you have the ip address of an computer in your local LAN – but you don’t know it’s computername. for internet-usage the host command is usefull because it shows – if a website is reachable by […]
AES is often used in conjunction with IPSec-VPNs. K.U. Leuven, Belgium; Microsoft Research Redmond, USA; ENS Paris and Chaire France Telecom, France Abstract. Since Rijndael was chosen as the Advanced Encryption Standard, improving upon 7-round attacks on the 128-bit key […]
in terms of security: stick to the UNIX principles of keeping things as “simple and beautiful” as possible. the less software/services a server runs the more secure it will be. (unless the one single software it runs is a massive […]
dpkg-reconfigure locales; # Debian8 only – change locale this way you can change language of the entire system: previously english… now german…
IPv4 CIDR Subnet Mask Notation The CIDR number comes from the number of 1’s in the subnet mask when converted to binary. The common subnet mask 255.255.255.0 is 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 in binary. This adds up to 24 1’s, or /24 (pronounced […]
Private IPv6 address range If you have multiple locations/sites/networks, you should assign each one a different “Subnet ID”, but use the same “Global” ID for all of them. The IPv6 address space is so huge (2128) that everyone should be […]
IPv6: Goodbye to broadcast, say hello to Multicast » IPv6 while broadcast sends the traffic to all computers in the network – multicast follows a “subscribe to service” model. broadcast -> a computer using ARP sends a packet to FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF […]
what printers have good GNU Linux support? https://dwaves.de/2022/05/19/gnu-linux-debian-11-brother-hl-5450dn-reliable-black-and-white-laser-printer-that-works-out-of-the-box-with-cups-filter-those-laser-printers/ how to set default paper size/format? how to set default (system wide) paper size? (creditz) theoretically it should be set here: (creditz) /etc/papersize simply by: echo “a4” > /etc/papersize thats how users […]
for debugging problems with your system it might be interesting to know what is happening in real time in your log files (unfortunately there are also binary and packed old logs.gz files in /var/log) this command will follow all file […]
The X11 Window System Developer(s) X.Org Foundation Initial release 6 April 2004; 13 years ago[1] Stable release 1.19.3 / 15 March 2017; 2 months ago[2] Repository http://cgit.freedesktop.org/xorg/xserver, git://anongit.freedesktop.org/git/xorg/xserver, git://anongit.freedesktop.org/xorg/xserver Written in C Operating system Cross-platform Size 3.7 MiB[3] Available in English Type Display […]
naming why is a shell called a shell? after all it’s just a program 😀 call it program then 😀 kernel = core, shell = surrounding the core, interaction with the core. a shell is also a runtime-environment – a […]