hostnamectl; # tested on
Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
Kernel: Linux 6.1.0-25-amd64
Architecture: x86-64
Hardware Vendor: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd.
Hardware Model: B550 AORUS ELITE AX V2
Firmware Version: F16d
ls -lah; # show content of this dir
lsblk; # shows storage harddisks
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 465.8G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 1.9T 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 1.9T 0 part /media/user/vms_on_nvme_usb
sr0 11:0 1 0B 0 rom
nvme0n1 259:0 0 1.9T 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:5 0 100M 0 part
├─nvme0n1p2 259:6 0 16M 0 part
├─nvme0n1p3 259:7 0 930.9G 0 part
├─nvme0n1p4 259:8 0 525M 0 part
└─nvme0n1p5 259:9 0 976.2G 0 part
lscpu; # shows info about each and every cpu core
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes: 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 12
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-11
Vendor ID: AuthenticAMD
BIOS Vendor ID: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Model name: AMD Ryzen 5 5600G with Radeon Graphics
BIOS Model name: AMD Ryzen 5 5600G with Radeon Graphics Unknown CPU @ 3.9GHz
lshw --short; # shows very nice list of all hardware
lsipc; # show information on IPC facilities currently employed in the system
RESOURCE DESCRIPTION LIMIT USED USE%
MSGMNI Number of message queues 32000 0 0.00%
MSGMAX Max size of message (bytes) 8K - -
MSGMNB Default max size of queue (bytes) 16K - -
SHMMNI Shared memory segments 4096 24 0.59%
SHMALL Shared memory pages 18446744073692774399 99309 0.00%
SHMMAX Max size of shared memory segment (bytes) 16E - -
SHMMIN Min size of shared memory segment (bytes) 1B - -
SEMMNI Number of semaphore identifiers 32000 0 0.00%
SEMMNS Total number of semaphores 1024000000 0 0.00%
SEMMSL Max semaphores per semaphore set. 32000 - -
SEMOPM Max number of operations per semop(2) 500 - -
SEMVMX Semaphore max value 32767 - -
lslocks; # list local file system locks (what program process has fileLock on what file)
COMMAND PID TYPE SIZE MODE M START END PATH
mail 9978 POSIX 512K WRITE 0 1073741826 1073742335 /home/user/mails/blist.sqlite
mail 9978 POSIX 2.5M WRITE 0 1073741826 1073742335 /home/user/mails/calendar-data/cache.sqlite
...
lsmdev; # utility for managing and persisting devices in the mediated device device framework of the Linux kernel
(no output)
lsmod; # show status of modules in the Linux Kernel
Module Size Used by
mptcp_diag 16384 0
tcp_diag 16384 0
udp_diag 16384 0
...
lsof; # list open files
lspgpot; # extracts the ownertrust values from PGP keyrings and list them in GnuPG ownertrust format
lsusb; # list USB devices
lsattr; # list file attributes on a Linux second extended file system
lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
Release: 12
Codename: bookworm
lsfd; # list file descriptors, lsfd is intended to be a modern replacement for lsof
lsinitramfs; # list content of an initramfs image
lsirq; # utility to display kernel interrupt information
lslogins; # display information about known users in the system
UID USER PROC PWD-LOCK PWD-DENY LAST-LOGIN GECOS
0 root 228 0 0 Sep02/00:01 root
1 daemon 0 0 0 daemon
2 bin 0 0 0 bin
3 sys 0 0 0 sys
4 sync 0 0 0 sync
5 games 0 0 0 games
6 man 0 0 0 man
7 lp 0 0 0 lp
...
lsmem; # list the ranges of available memory with their online status
RANGE SIZE STATE REMOVABLE BLOCK
0x0000000000000000-0x000000009fffffff 2.5G online yes 0-19
0x0000000100000000-0x000000083fffffff 29G online yes 32-263
Memory block size: 128M
Total online memory: 31.5G
Total offline memory: 0B
lsns; # list namespaces
NS TYPE NPROCS PID USER COMMAND
4026531834 time 312 1 root /sbin/init
4026531835 cgroup 312 1 root /sbin/init
4026533008 mnt 1 673 root ├─/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
4026533152 mnt 1 966 systemd-timesync ├─/lib/systemd/systemd-timesyncd
4026533163 net 1 1022 root ├─/usr/libexec/accounts-daemon
4026533210 mnt 1 1026 root ├─/usr/libexec/bluetooth/bluetoothd
...
lspci; # list all PCI devices
00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir/Cezanne Root Complex
00:00.2 IOMMU: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir/Cezanne IOMMU
00:01.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir PCIe Dummy Host Bridge
00:02.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir PCIe Dummy Host Bridge
00:02.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir/Cezanne PCIe GPP Bridge
...
lspower; # enumerate power sources (only on laptop with batteries)
✓ AC
• BAT0 (99%)
✗ ucsi-source-psy-USBC000:001
✓ ucsi-source-psy-USBC000:002
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