who is who? concepts:

docker is written in Google Go by Docker Inc, SanFrancisco

because it does not emulate any hardware – it is a linux container / sandbox or jail like Free BSD Jail or Solaris Zones or OpenVZ so containers are not a brand new concept.

But they get more attention as datacenter admins want to increase density of hardware-usage. (so no CPU core or RAM chip get’s bored, more users per machine etc.)

So in this way containers are usually used inside virtual machines so one real hardware server is running many VMs which run many containers.

Limitations of docker: docker on a linux host can only run linux instances (various distributions though) – docker on a windows host can only run windows instances.

So you can run debian as container on a centos/redhat/fedora host – but not windows as a container on a linux host.

For example if a Apache webserver inside a jail gets compromised – it can not escape the sandbox and hack the host.

Containers share the same kernel and isolate applications from the rest of the system. (RedHat)

Sandbox concepts need to be implementation in the kernel.

It is a pretty complex concept that comes with a lot of commands – which can be overwhelming / daunting without good documentation: examples, tutorials (youtube?), howtos, usecase “when to use what” and cheat sheet.

What especially confuses me is the “run” vs “start” concept.

run will create a new container and start it.

start only starts existing containers.

takes a while to register.

after all – simplicity is a virtue.

Docker can use different interfaces to access virtualization features of the Linux kernel.[13]

The Linux kernel’s support for namespaces mostly[10] isolates an application’s view of the operating environment, including process trees, network, user IDs and mounted file systems, while the kernel’s cgroups provide resource limiting, including the CPU, memory, block I/O, and network.

Since version 0.9, Docker includes the libcontainer library as its own way to directly use virtualization facilities provided by the Linux kernel, in addition to using abstracted virtualization interfaces via libvirt, LXC (Linux Containers) and systemd-nspawn.[11][12][13]

advantages:

  • portability – developer can ship exactly “his/her” version including environment.
    • “With Docker, developers can build any app in any language using any toolchain. “Dockerized” apps are completely portable and can run anywhere – colleagues’ OS X and Windows laptops, QA servers running Ubuntu in the cloud, and production data center VMs running Red Hat. (src)
  • repositories – up and download ready to run appliances.
  • versioning – save and restore – compute with confidence.
  • security – it should (no grantees) not be possible for an application inside an container to take over control of the host.

all processes that run inside a docker container get two process-IDs: one inside the container, and one on bare-metal os.

changes at config files are saved in separate files with an automatically generated version-number attached to them.

so all processes seem to run directly on the hardware – which makes it (of course) fast –

problems:

  1. containers harddisk space once used – does not shrink!? (unless you export/import)
    • i would understand this if all files were in ONE FILE but they are NOT, i really do NOT understand, that when you copy a large file into your container and delete it from the container… the harddisk space is still in USE!
  2. exporting containers takes 3x times the harddisk space it needs for a container
    • so if you have a container that uses 50GBytes of harddisk space and your harddisk is only 100GBytes you are screwed! you can not migrate your docker container to a bigger harddisk by commit and save.
  3. fail2ban / iptables does not work!?
      • not in the container and not on the host!?
      • the problem here is nftables, the maybe soon replacement for iptables, docher expects iptables, nftables only provides “basic” backward compatibility with iptables commands, solution: uninstall nftables, install iptables, before installing docker
      • docker network security and routing: By default, docker creates a virtual ethernet card for each container.
      • Each container has its own routing tables and iptables.
      • When specific ports are forwarded, docker creates certain host iptables rules.
      • The docker daemon itself does some of the proxying.
      • If you map applications to containers, you provide flexibility to yourself by limiting network access on a per-application basis.
      • Because containers have their own routing tables, they can be used to limit incoming and outgoing traffic: use the ip route command in the same way you would use it on a host. ” (src: RedHat)
    /usr/sbin/iptables -w2 -t nat -C DOCKER -p tcp -d 0/0 --dport 443 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.18.0.4:443 ! -i br-6ce196858fd2' failed: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.
    /usr/sbin/iptables -w2 -t filter -C DOCKER ! -i br-6ce196858fd2 -o br-6ce196858fd2 -p tcp -d 172.18.0.4 --dport 443 -j ACCEPT' failed: iptables: Bad rule (does a matching rule exist in that chain?).
    /usr/sbin/iptables -w2 -t nat -C POSTROUTING -p tcp -s 172.18.0.4 -d 172.18.0.4 --dport 443 -j MASQUERADE' failed: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.
    /usr/sbin/iptables -w2 -t nat -C DOCKER -p tcp -d 0/0 --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.18.0.4:80 ! -i br-6ce196858fd2' failed: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.
    /usr/sbin/iptables -w2 -t filter -C DOCKER ! -i br-6ce196858fd2 -o br-6ce196858fd2 -p tcp -d 172.18.0.4 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT' failed: iptables: Bad rule (does a matching rule exist in that chain?).
    /usr/sbin/iptables -w2 -t nat -C POSTROUTING -p tcp -s 172.18.0.4 -d 172.18.0.4 --dport 80 -j MASQUERADE' failed: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.
    Aug 13 13:39:17 username containerd: time="2019-08-13T13:39:17.854035652-04:00" level=info msg="shim containerd-shim started" address="/containerd-shim/moby/6504c13edb18274caa289df84cb422d290bde171cc9f6a910c12794f9d750e28/shim.sock" debug=false pid=14019
    
    ==> /var/log/firewalld <==
    2019-08-13 13:39:17 WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w2 -t nat -C DOCKER -p tcp -d 0/0 --dport 443 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.18.0.4:443 ! -i br-6ce196858fd2' failed: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.
    
    2019-08-13 13:39:17 WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w2 -t filter -C DOCKER ! -i br-6ce196858fd2 -o br-6ce196858fd2 -p tcp -d 172.18.0.4 --dport 443 -j ACCEPT' failed: iptables: Bad rule (does a matching rule exist in that chain?).
    
    2019-08-13 13:39:17 WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w2 -t nat -C POSTROUTING -p tcp -s 172.18.0.4 -d 172.18.0.4 --dport 443 -j MASQUERADE' failed: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.
    
    2019-08-13 13:39:17 WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w2 -t nat -C DOCKER -p tcp -d 0/0 --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.18.0.4:80 ! -i br-6ce196858fd2' failed: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.
    
    2019-08-13 13:39:17 WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w2 -t filter -C DOCKER ! -i br-6ce196858fd2 -o br-6ce196858fd2 -p tcp -d 172.18.0.4 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT' failed: iptables: Bad rule (does a matching rule exist in that chain?).
    
    2019-08-13 13:39:17 WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w2 -t nat -C POSTROUTING -p tcp -s 172.18.0.4 -d 172.18.0.4 --dport 80 -j MASQUERADE' failed: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.
    
  4. more strange problems: “can’t remove directory” under certain conditions

it seems the docker-complexity is going south!

the concept is great – similar to OpenVZ increasing server density even more – (hardware -> virtualization -> container) but i am seriously thinking about not using it again for exactly those issues.

security?

security wise seems this concept been tested for a while.

but as you might now – hackers even managed to break out of VMWare VMs in the past! (VM escape)
Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest [updated]
Hack worked by stitching together three separate exploits.

“We used a JavaScript engine bug within Microsoft Edge to achieve the code execution inside the Edge sandbox, and we used a Windows 10 kernel bug to escape from it and fully compromise the guest machine,” Qihoo 360 Executive Director Zheng Zheng wrote in an e-mail. “Then we exploited a hardware simulation bug within VMware to escape from the guest operating system to the host one. All started from and only by a controlled a WEBSITE.”

Chinese Hackers escape Docker-KVM-Quemu in 2016!(src)

Holy moly. And you really want a cashless society with those massive security holes in your software? Call me paranoid but I am not so sure about that – a lot of people are paying cashless in China (just with their cellphones).

back to topic: but than again: it is great that you can run Docker inside a VM.

let’s get started

i assume you have a running CentOS7 VM 64Bit inside some virtualization technology or directly on hardware.

hostnamectl; # tested on
   Static hostname: docker_on_centos.localdomain
    Virtualization: kvm
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-693.11.1.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64

preparations:

nmtui; # tool that allows you to change your ip to fixed
# per default CentOS is not activating network card
yum -y install epel-release;
yum -y update;
yum install NetworkManager-tui; # install nmtui
ping yahoo.com; # test that your vm has access to the internet

ip addr show; # you might want to know the IP of your VM and ssh into it

yum update && yum upgrade; # upgrade system to latest

yum install htop; # nice tool to check your ram and cpu usage

yum install docker; # install docker

service docker start; # start docker service

docker ps; # lists all currently running docker containers

docker ps -a; # lists all installed docker containers

# search for all ubuntu related templates images
docker search ubuntu
INDEX       NAME                                                                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/ubuntu                                                    Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s...   8133      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/dorowu/ubuntu-desktop-lxde-vnc                            Ubuntu with openssh-server and NoVNC            204                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/rastasheep/ubuntu-sshd                                    Dockerized SSH service, built on top of of...   164                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/ansible/ubuntu14.04-ansible                               Ubuntu 14.04 LTS with ansible                   94                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/ubuntu-upstart                                            Upstart is an event-based replacement for ...   87        [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/neurodebian                                               NeuroDebian provides neuroscience research...   51        [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5      ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5          43                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/ubuntu-debootstrap                                        debootstrap --variant=minbase --components...   39        [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/nuagebec/ubuntu                                           Simple always updated Ubuntu docker images...   23                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tutum/ubuntu                                              Simple Ubuntu docker images with SSH access     18                   
docker.io   docker.io/i386/ubuntu                                               Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s...   13                   
docker.io   docker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-apache-php-7.0                    ubuntu-16-apache-php-7.0                        12                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/ppc64le/ubuntu                                            Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s...   12                   
docker.io   docker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mariadb-10   ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mariadb-10       8                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/eclipse/ubuntu_jdk8                                       Ubuntu, JDK8, Maven 3, git, curl, nmap, mc...   6                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/codenvy/ubuntu_jdk8                                       Ubuntu, JDK8, Maven 3, git, curl, nmap, mc...   4                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/darksheer/ubuntu                                          Base Ubuntu Image -- Updated hourly             4                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-5.6-wordpress-4         ubuntu-16-nginx-php-5.6-wordpress-4             3                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-sshd                              ubuntu-16-sshd                                  1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/pivotaldata/ubuntu                                        A quick freshening-up of the base Ubuntu d...   1                    
docker.io   docker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-healthcheck                       ubuntu-16-healthcheck                           0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-rspec                             ubuntu-16-rspec                                 0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/ossobv/ubuntu                                             Custom ubuntu image from scratch (based on...   0                    
docker.io   docker.io/pivotaldata/ubuntu-gpdb-dev                               Ubuntu images for GPDB development              0                    
docker.io   docker.io/smartentry/ubuntu                                         ubuntu with smartentry                          0                    [OK]       

docker run ubuntu:14.04 /bin/echo 'Hello World'; # install and run this docker container
docker run -it centos:centos7 /bin/bash; # download and install centos7 image (200MByte) and run /bin/bash in that instance
Unable to find image 'centos:centos7' locally
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ... 
centos7: Pulling from docker.io/library/centos
af4b0a2388c6: Downloading [=================================> ] 49.74 MB/73.67 MB

# what is pretty impressive here that with a 74MByte download you get a full running version of centos7?
yum install epel-release
yum install htop
htop


# like nuthin running in that instance
[root@d2ff6ccb98e6 /]# pwd
/
exit; # exit the instance/container, this will stop the instance/container and free resources

docker pull busybox; # install busybox image (1.5MBytes)

docker run busybox /bin/echo "Hello World"
Hello World
docker run alexeiled/docker-oracle-xe-11g; # installs Oracle Express Edition 11g Release 2 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty) (over 1GB)

docker images; # show sizes of downloaded images
REPOSITORY                                 TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/busybox                          latest              5b0d59026729        7 days ago          1.146 MB
docker.io/centos                           centos7             ff426288ea90        3 weeks ago         207.2 MB
docker.io/alexeiled/docker-oracle-xe-11g   latest              f7304758169d        21 months ago       2.39 GB

docker ps -a; # show all created containers (running and not running)
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
5a512c285f4f        centos:centos7      "/bin/sleep 3"           About a minute ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago                       admiring_bhabha
5931eda908b4        centos:centos7      "/bin/sleep 3"           3 minutes ago        Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                            kickass_galileo
26224f0a6971        busybox             "/bin/echo 'Hello Wor"   4 minutes ago        Exited (0) 4 minutes ago                            furious_raman
848eb2b20ec4        centos:centos7      "/bin/bash"              8 minutes ago        Exited (127) 6 minutes ago                          sleepy_curie
d2ff6ccb98e6        centos:centos7      "/bin/bash"              13 minutes ago       Exited (0) 9 minutes ago                            evil_khorana

docker run -it centos:centos7 /bin/bash; # will create a new container centos:centos7 image
# and run /bin/bash interactively in it
# when you exit the container, the container will stop running

docker run -d centos:centos7 /bin/sleep 3; # will create a new container centos:centos7 image
# will run /bin/sleep 3 in it in detached mode (no interaction possible)
# when finished the container stops running

docker start 848eb2b20ec4; # start this container
docker pause 848eb2b20ec4; # pause this container
docker unpause 848eb2b20ec4; # resume this container
docker stop 848eb2b20ec4; # stop this container
docker stop $(docker ps -a -q); # stop ALL containers
docker attach 848eb2b20ec4; # connect-attach shell/STDIN/STDOUT to currently running process of container
# problem:

docker attach will let you connect to your Docker container, but this isn’t really the same thing as ssh. If your container is running a webserver, for example, docker attach will probably connect you to the stdout of the web server process. It won’t necessarily give you a shell.

The docker exec command is probably what you are looking for; this will let you run arbitrary commands inside an existing container. For example:

docker exec -it sh
docker exec -it bash 

# "login" interactively without disturbing running autostarted process
docker exec -it 848eb2b20ec4 sh

# snapshot/save container/create a new image from this container
docker commit 848eb2b20ec4 centos-with-htop;

# Create a new image from a container’s changes
# Usage:
# docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
# docker commit container_instance_name image_name:v2

# show all available images
docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

centos-with-htop latest c5bf4ece7f83 32 seconds ago 389.5 MB

docker.io/ubuntu trusty dc4491992653 6 days ago 221.9 MB

docker.io/busybox latest 5b0d59026729 8 days ago 1.146 MB

docker.io/centos centos7 ff426288ea90 3 weeks ago 207.2 MB

docker.io/alexeiled/docker-oracle-xe-11g latest f7304758169d 21 months ago 2.39 GB

# if you want to export/move to another computer you can:

docker save centos-with-htop | gzip -vc > /backups/centos-with-htop.tar.gz; # export this image to file

ll -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 133M Feb 1 08:31 centos-with-htop.tar.gz

docker rmi centos-with-htop; # remove docker image
Untagged: centos-with-htop:latest Deleted: sha256:c5bf4ece7f831a3271fc324d7af80866e796181e5601956d0d597d26710bcf44 Deleted: sha256:141f9a93dbcf9cd5736f30454a544fabe547c02dc4863e1c1a94e89fe3e79f8d

cat centos-with-htop.tar.gz | docker load; # import image to docker
3af37c724bd3: Loading layer [==================================================>] 184.5 MB/184.5 MB
Loaded image: centos-with-htop:latest

docker images|grep centos-with-htop

centos-with-htop latest c5bf4ece7f83 13 minutes ago 389.5 MB

docker logs -f 848eb2b20ec4; # show console output without login of this container

docker rename CONTAINER NEW_NAME; # rename docker container

cheat sheed

docker stop $(docker ps -q); # stop all running containers

docker exec -it container bash; # logon / login to container
# to exit from a container 
exit; # but also stops the container
# hotkey / shortcut logout :hit keys Ctrl + p + Ctrl + q
# to exit container and keep it running

# add a new port to an existing container
docker stop container
docker commit container container2

# create new network
docker network create example-net

# will start a copy of container2
# with port 80 and 443 open
# with a fixed ip of 172.18.0.5
# become a member of virtual network example-net
docker run -it --name=container2-instance -p 80:80 -p 443:443 --net=example-net --ip 172.18.0.5 container2

start options for run

-d

start container detached, run in background

-it

start container in interactive mode

--attach = [STDIN,STDERR,STDOUT]

redirect StandardIn, StandardError and StandardOut

--rm

remove container after exit (self destruct?)

--name = ContainerName

container is given a name automatically unless specified with –name

--restart = no / on-failure:10 / always

if something crashes, docker will restart the container 10 times

--cpuset="0,1"

how many cpus are available to that instance (in this case cpu0 and cpu1 are made available)

--cpu-shares=512

100% cpu usage 0 or 1024, 512 = 50% cpu usage

-m 256m

limit usage of RAM to 256MBytes

--privileged

allow container access to host machine (reboot host)

--cap-add

add a privilege to container

--cap-drop

remove a privilege to container

-P 8080

all ports used by the container are automatically also opened on the host

-p 80:8080

redirect host port 80 to container port 8080

will show like this:

docker ps a

0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp
--net=bridge / container:id / host / none

bridge

allow network access of container via bridge

host

pass all ports through from host to container

--link=name:alias

--expose=PORT

non root user usage

in order to allow non-root users to use docker add them to the group “docker”

# create group docker
groupadd docker
# add user username to group docker
usermod -aG docker username

re-login to activate changes. non-root user username should be able to run:

docker run hello-world

autostart on boot

to enable docker service to be available on boot:

systemctl enable docker

service docker status; # check docker service status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status docker.service
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2018-01-31 17:18:26 EST; 45s ago
     Docs: http://docs.docker.com
 Main PID: 948 (dockerd-current)
   CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
           ├─948 /usr/bin/dockerd-current --add-runtime docker-runc=/usr/libe...
           └─974 /usr/bin/docker-containerd-current -l unix:///var/run/docker...

Jan 31 17:18:25 localhost.localdomain dockerd-current[948]: time="2018-01-31T...
...
Jan 31 17:18:26 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Docker Application ...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

Are there any GUIs? docker web interface portainer.io

https://portainer.io/

is probably accessing https://hub.docker.com/explore/

this is the repository where all the basic images come from (push/pull like git).

if you want to create your own repository you create a registry for local images.

service docker start; # start docker service, make sure

docker volume create --name portainer_data;

docker run -d --privileged -p 9000:9000 -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v portainer_data:/data portainer/portainer

boot2docker:

you could think of boot2docker as EXSi for docker – the most minimalistic installation possible… using busybox and 50MByte of RAM.

is a tinycore based extremely small distribution bootable livecd that comes with linux kernel 4, guest additions for virtualbox and vmware and docker.

http://boot2docker.io/

https://github.com/boot2docker/boot2docker/releases <- download iso here

create a new virtual machine inside virtualbox with 64Bit “Other” Linux settings and for example 2xCPUs, 2GB of RAM and 512GByte of harddisk.

how to ssh into boot2docker: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24286007/how-do-i-ssh-into-the-boot2docker-host-vm-that-the-vagrant-1-6-docker-provider-s

ifconfig; # show dhcp assigned ip address
passwd; # as root change root password to e.g. "root" (it will complain but still do it)
ssh docker@192.168.0.78; # ssh into the vm
usr: docker
pwd: tcuser
su; # become root
docker@192.168.0.78's password: 
                        ##         .
                  ## ## ##        ==
               ## ## ## ## ##    ===
           /"""""""""""""""""\___/ ===
      ~~~ {~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~ /  ===- ~~~
           \______ o           __/
             \    \         __/
              \____\_______/
 _                 _   ____     _            _
| |__   ___   ___ | |_|___ \ __| | ___   ___| | _____ _ __
| '_ \ / _ \ / _ \| __| __) / _` |/ _ \ / __| |/ / _ \ '__|
| |_) | (_) | (_) | |_ / __/ (_| | (_) | (__|   <  __/ |
|_.__/ \___/ \___/ \__|_____\__,_|\___/ \___|_|\_\___|_|
Boot2Docker version 17.12.0-ce-rc2, build HEAD : 952219e - Tue Dec 12 22:12:18 UTC 2017
Docker version 17.12.0-ce-rc2, build f9cde63

of course this is a live cd… nothing will be saved or stored until one uses some form of storage/harddisk:

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda; # format harddisk
tune2fs -L boot2docker-data /dev/sda; # label harddisk
reboot; # reboot

…and wait for boot2docker to make your harddisk usable… as long as there is this red dot the vm harddisk is signaling “busy”:

the ip might change as well so recheck with ifconfig and ssh back into it. you will have to redo the change-root password passwd thing all over again – because remember – it was just a live cd – nothing was saved. HAHA! but now changes are permanent…. not. you will have to setup this bootlocal.sh file in order to make your root password permanent.

saving root passwords in text files… *ARGH*

echo 'echo "root:root" | chpasswd' > /mnt/sda/var/lib/boot2docker/bootlocal.sh;
chmod +x /mnt/sda/var/lib/boot2docker/bootlocal.sh;
# give it a testrun
chmod +x /mnt/sda/var/lib/boot2docker/bootlocal.sh;
# you should see
chpasswd: password for 'root' changed

root@boot2docker:/home/docker# df -Th
Filesystem           Type            Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                tmpfs           1.8G    206.1M      1.6G  11% /
tmpfs                tmpfs        1001.1M         0   1001.1M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda             ext4          503.0G     70.5M    477.3G   0% /mnt/sda
cgroup               tmpfs        1001.1M         0   1001.1M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda             ext4          503.0G     70.5M    477.3G   0% /mnt/sda/var/lib/docker/plugins
/dev/sda             ext4          503.0G     70.5M    477.3G   0% /mnt/sda/var/lib/docker/overlay2

Links:

https://github.com/wsargent/docker-cheat-sheet

https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

https://linuxcontainers.org/

http://www.zdnet.com/article/docker-libcontainer-unifies-linux-container-powers/

https://www.javaworld.com/article/2363024/big-data/4-reasons-why-dockers-libcontainer-is-a-big-deal.html

https://docs.docker.com/machine/overview/#whats-the-difference-between-docker-engine-and-docker-machine

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